The Beijing National Stadium at the Olympic Green – also known as the ‘Bird’s Nest’ – hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the Summer and Winter Olympics in China in August 2008 and February 2022. The stadium has a total capacity of 91,000 seats. Tekla Structures software was used in the detailing and workshop design of the most complex and challenging parts of the steel structure.
Accurate modeling ensures architects’ dreams come true
The structural form of the Beijing Olympic Stadium is best described as being reminiscent of a bird’s nest. The very irregular nature of the structure demanded new and advanced methods of designing and detailing structural steel sections to minimize the weight. To reduce the construction costs, the designers removed the top roof and enlarged the area of the roof opening, which reduced the total steel weight from 45,000 to 42,000 tons.
The interwoven structural elements of the façade produce a single surface, upon which further elements are arranged in a close to chaotic manner to blur the distinction between the primary and the secondary structure. The roof is saddle-shaped, and its geometry has been created from a base ellipse. The outer surface of the façade is inclined at approximately 13 degrees to the vertical. The largest span of the steel structure is more than 343 meters.
Modeling and detailing the most complex and challenging parts of the steel roof took one year. The Chinese steel company Jinggong worked on the roof to produce symmetrical 3D views of its members and connections. They were able to do this by using the mirroring function in Tekla Structures software. A huge number of sections and views were needed for this irregular assembly to represent all the relations of each steel part.
Bird's Nest facts and figures
Size: 332.3 meters in length, 297.3 in width, 69.2 in height
Total site area: 204,278 m2
Gross floor area: 258,000 m2
Structure: 36 km of unwrapped steel length
Largest steel truss span: 343 m/375 yds.
Architectural Design: Herzog & de Meuron (Switzerland)
Engineering and Sports Architecture: China Architectural Design & Research Group, Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd, Arup Sports, London
Steel detailing: Shanghai Haorong Technology Co. Ltd and Zhejiang Jinggong Steel Co. Ltd
Steel fabrication: Jiangsu HNGJ Steel Co. Ltd
