Energy concepts are one of the most complex aspects of a construction project. A precise heating scheme is also crucial for correct HVAC planning. Modern heating solutions such as underfloor heating and heat pumps are revolutionizing heating planning. However, they are often more complex to design than conventional systems.
Energy efficiency and the optimal use of renewable energies are key planning issues these days. A detailed heating scheme combines the various elements, from solar thermal energy to hot water boilers, into an effective overall structure.
But what symbols does a heating scheme contain? And what role do high and low flow temperatures play? We provide an overview of the key aspects that need to be taken into account when creating one.
The most important facts at a glance
The heating diagram uses symbols to represent the main heating elements in the building
It is an important part of HLS planning
Digital tools make it easier to create and implement a heating scheme
The basics of the heating scheme
It forms the foundation for an efficient heating system and therefore for comfortable warmth in the building. Mistakes made at this point have a correspondingly strong impact on subsequent implementation. The most important aspects:
Heat generation: The first step in developing a heating scheme is to select a suitable heat source. This can range from fossil fuels such as oil or gas to renewable energy sources such as solar collectors or heat pumps.
Heat transfer: The heat obtained from the selected source must be transported efficiently into the rooms. This is where radiators, underfloor heating or convectors come into play. Excess heat should also be taken into account.
Regulation and control: Regulation is a key aspect of a heating system. Modern thermostats and control systems make it possible to regulate the temperature precisely and optimize energy consumption.
Heat distribution: The correct dimensioning and piping of the heating system is crucial for an even heat supply. This includes planning the correct pipe diameters and minimizing heat losses. The latter is determined by the transmission heat loss.
Which symbols play a role in the heating scheme?
They are a universal language that can be used in many areas. Heating systems are no exception. Symbols play a decisive role in the creation of a heating diagram. They represent the various components and their functions clearly and comprehensibly.
But what do the individual symbols mean in detail?
Radiators: They are the key elements of a heating system. In diagrams, they are often represented by stylized radiators. The size and shape of these symbols can vary.
Pipes: Pipes are responsible for the distribution of hot water or steam in the heating system. Various lines and arrows represent pipes of different sizes and types. Arrows indicate the direction of flow of the medium.
Valves and regulators: Used to control the flow of heat. Symbols such as circles with arrows or specific shapes are used to represent the type of valves.
Heat source: Depending on the heat source, different symbols such as flames (for oil or gas burners), suns (for solar energy/thermal energy) or screws (for heat pumps) can be used.
Thermostats: Are used to regulate the temperature in rooms and are often shown as stylized room thermostats.
Measurement and control technology: Modern heating systems use sensors and control systems to maximize efficiency. This includes symbols for temperature sensors and controllers.
Which heating systems require a buffer cylinder?
Buffer storage tanks improve the efficiency of heating systems. They therefore make sense for almost all heating systems, including classic gas heating systems or modern heat pumps.
However, buffer storage tanks are essential for solar thermal energy. Due to the variable solar radiation, it is difficult to predict when the highest heat output will be achieved. A buffer storage tank enables excess heat to be stored. This means that stored energy can be used during hours with low solar radiation.
A log boiler also only really works effectively with a buffer cylinder. Once ignited, it burns the wood completely without being able to stop the process. A buffer storage tank secures the excess heat for a later time.
In these cases, the buffer cylinder must also be taken into account in the heating scheme.
Are there any special features with underfloor heating?
Whether electric or hot water underfloor heating - both are effective heating solutions. However, they have some features that need to be taken into account in the heating scheme:
Heat distribution: This ensures an even distribution of heat in the room. Conventional radiators, on the other hand, often leave cold corners or hot zones. Underfloor heating ensures a constant temperature.
Lower flow temperatures: Underfloor heating systems work with lower flow temperatures compared to conventional radiators. This makes them particularly suitable for operation with energy-saving heat generators such as heat pumps.
Slower reaction time: Underfloor heating requires more time to bring the room up to the desired temperature. This is because the entire floor covering has to be heated.
An efficient heating scheme is hardly feasible without a software solution
The correct creation and implementation of a heating scheme requires a smooth BIM workflow. Ideally supported by modern software solutions such as Trimble Nova and Connect.
Trimble Nova is a particularly powerful CAD and calculation software that can precisely visualize the scheme and compare it with other trades. The integrated interface to Trimble Connect also creates a shared data environment. The software thus ensures that the heating scheme is accessible to all relevant project participants - in real time.
